Medical Testing On Animal Testing - 1925 Words

Who should be the first to suffer, humans or rodents? Medical testing on animals involves experimentation to observe variables that affect behavior or the biological system under review. Scientists, after studying side effects of a new drug using animals, usually test it next on human volunteers to confirm how the drug will interact with human physiology. Experimental research includes different fields and is usually conducted by universities, medical schools, and pharmaceutical companies. The majority of animals used for research are rats, mice, hamsters, and gerbils. Researchers depend on animal test results to achieve medical advances. Experiments using animals have played a crucial role in the development of modern medical treatments. They allow humans to be the priority in the medical field and allow fewer people to suffer and die by improving the entire medical system. We should not stop using animals in medical experiments. Otherwise, people would die and suffer under such a policy. Historically, almost all new drugs that are introduced each year after much animal testing. Even though the number of animal lives expended is a huge cost, the benefits that each drug brings confirm that cost. New drugs approved for medical use have the potential to relieve human pain and suffering not only for current patients, but also for future generations. First of all, animals rights are less important than human rights. We have the right to use animals to improve the medicalShow MoreRelatedMedical Research On Animal Testing1736 Words   |  7 Pagesprogress can be judged by the way its animals are treated†. Medical research on animals is an effective way for scientist to test different medical discoveries and experiment before using them on humans to check their result. This technique has been used for centuries dating back to people such and Aristotle and Erasistratus. What exactly is medical research on animals? When we take a deeper look into the experiment that are preformed we can conclude that animals are a living model of humans in theseRead More Medical Testing On Animals Essay1511 Words   |  7 PagesMedical Testing On Animals Medical testing on animals is a very controversial topic that touches almost every individuals life whether they realize it or not. 16 million diabetic people enjoy life they would otherwise not have if it werent for the dogs, rabbits, and, fish that endured tests to help scientists discover treatments and produce insulin. Cardiovascular disease is high on the list of American killers. The procedures used to treat this affliction such as surgical techniquesRead MoreAnimal Testing And Medical Advancement1358 Words   |  6 PagesAnimal Testing and Medical Advancement Every day, animals such as rabbits, chimpanzees, and mice take part of medical experimentation. â€Å"Chimpanzees share 99% of their DNA with humans, and mice are 98% genetically similar to humans. The United States and Gabon are the only two countries that allow experimentation on chimpanzees.† (The Jane Goodall Institute of Canada). What people don’t understand is that these animals contribute to medical discoveries regarding human health. Animals should be usedRead MoreAnimal Testing And The Medical Field Essay1789 Words   |  8 PagesINTRODUCTION: When people hear the phrase â€Å"animal testing† they tend to have many reactions. Some think that it should not be allowed, while others think that science could not survive without it. Many advances have been made in the medical field because of animal testing, and the process of eliminating it from existence will be extremely difficult (Ericson, 2014; Daston, et al., 2015). Due to the controversy surrounding the subject people might not know all of the facts. Through our research weRead MoreAnimal Testing And The Medical Field1957 Words   |  8 PagesAnimal testing began after consumer products caused harm to the buyer. In 1930, a mascara called Lash Lure, blinded many women who used it. In 1937, one hundred people died from a new cough syrup called Elixir (Why do companies test cosmetics or other products on animals? 2013). These are two occurrences that pushed people to use animals for testing product safety. Today, the use of animals has expanded into experiments bene fiting the medical field. These experimental animal studies are beneficialRead MoreShould Animals Be Used For Medical Testing?1302 Words   |  6 Pagesdiscussion of animal rights, one controversial issue has been whether or not animals should be use for medical testing. On the one hand, some scientists argue that animal testing has contributed for many cures and treatments. On the other hand, animal rights activist contends that alternative methods now exist that can replace the need for animals. Others even maintain that animal testing is an essential part in medical research. My own view is that animals should not be used in medical testing becauseRead MoreEssay The Ethics of Medical Animal Testing1941 Words   |  8 Pageshuman race comes before any other consideration. This is the justification for the use of nonhuman animal testing in medicine. Of course this argument brings issues into play that are both ethical and professional and need exploring before a definitive answe r can be given. The Rights of â€Å"Lesser Life Forms† Animals have rights. This is a statement that very few people will disagree with. Animal cruelty as an end unto itself (i.e. for entertainment) is just wrong. Short of being a sociopath IRead MoreMedical Testing on Animals is Considered Animal Cruelty Essay1020 Words   |  5 PagesResearch on living animals has been practiced since at least 500 BC. Over 25 million animals are tested in labs every year. They are used for medical and scientific research. The animals used in research often undergo cruel experimentations and suffer through the pain. During medical testing, less than 2% of human illnesses are seen in animals, therefor medical testing on animals is cruel and pointless. Medical testing on animals should be illegal because products that pass animal tests end up harmingRead MoreEthical Issue Of Animal Testing For Medical Research961 Words   |  4 Pageshe ethical issue of animal testing for medical testing is not new, for example the majority of the common vaccines were d eveloped because medical research that utilized animal testing. Many philosophers have attempted to explain the rights of animals and some wrote on the lack of inherent rights. This issue is difficult because animals can’t speak for themselves but humans do have a place to play in the fight for animal rights. I will apply the principle of utility along with the moral theories ofRead MoreAnimal Testing is Vital to Medical Advances Essay2459 Words   |  10 PagesResearch is responsible for virtually all the medical breakthroughs there have been- there are medicines and vaccines and cures and treatments and more life saving benefits being developed today- but an important factor to the development of medical advances is the inclusion of animals in research. Virtually almost everyone alive has benefited from the medical advances made feasible through animal testing. According to my aunt Blanca, who is a mother of a child who was diagnosed with severe epilepsy

The Rights Of Human Beings - 2011 Words

This essay will look at whether the existence of rights should be acknowledged by the law in all humans and whether it is only human beings who deserve the recognition of rights. I will explain the concept of rights and provide reasons on why it is imperative that the law recognises rights of human beings. I will also discuss the development of rights in nonhumans as to whether the law should recognise them. The concept of rights has been enshrined in law since the Magna Carta was created in 1215. A right is a basic moral guarantee granted to a person that is unequivocal and universal. Having a right to possession allows parties to claim what rightfully belongs to them as they are entitled to it. Rights protect the freedom of people and from a legal perspective, this allows everyone to live their lives as they see fit without interference. Human rights uphold the notion of dignity and integrity as every person is entitled to them simply by being a human being. They protect the vuln erable and disadvantaged to prevent them from being discriminated against. These rights also develop a minimal standard which society and governments must adhere to as human rights should be of a high priority in a legitimate setting. I will now use my points to explain why it is crucial for rights to be taken into account when a legal system is drafted. This applies especially for human rights as they are the most likely to be abused if any form of discrimination occurs. A right shouldShow MoreRelatedThe Rights of Human Beings790 Words   |  3 PagesThe Rights of Human Beings The support, laws, and the definition of marriage itself are changing at this very moment, and will continue to change. Same-sex marriage is becoming a hot issue, with nearly everyone under the age of 30 supporting it, yet there are still many things that need to happen before it becomes legal. The battle is ongoing and still has years ahead of it, but more and more politicians are now starting to see just where the American peoples interests are. The big issue howeverRead MoreHuman Beings Are Born With Inalienable Rights Essay1303 Words   |  6 PagesAyala Suzette Ghent English Composition 1 November 30, 2016 The Right to Die Human beings are born with inalienable rights; rights in which cannot be separated from a person. One is born with the right to liberty, the pursuit of happiness and most importantly life. It is only human nature that with the gift of life comes death. Human beings were born with the right to live; however, they were not born with the right to die. All human beings will die when their time comes, but when exactly will that beRead MoreThe Inherent Rights of Human Beings Essay1123 Words   |  5 PagesThe Inherent Rights of Human Beings This question is concerned with whether or not it is possible for natural rights to exist. Natural rights are rights which we have naturally as humans, in other words rights which we inherently have, just by being human. A large problem with answering this question is that of defining the term rights, a question to which the answer has been very elusive throughout the history of political analysis. The following investigation into the possibilityRead MoreHuman Beings Have a Right to Die Essay3639 Words   |  15 Pages  Ã‚   Do people have the right to die? Is there, in fact, a right to die? Assisted suicide is a controversial topic in the public eye today. Individuals choose their side of the controversy based on a number of variables ranging from their religious views and moral standings to political factors. Several aspects of this issue have been examined in books, TV shows, movies, magazine articles, and other means of bringing the subject to the attention of the public. However, perhaps the best way to lookRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is The Constitutional Right Of A Human Being1793 Words   |  8 Pagespenalty has a lot of ethical and moral matters tied to it. In a world of individuality there is a divide on the people, for the death sentence and those against it. Many view it as a barbaric and cruel punishment that violates the constitutional right of a human being. Whilst other view it as a just punishment for serious crimes. This paper will look at the history of the death penalty in Australia in body one. Then in body two, lead on to a recent case known as the ‘Bali nine’ which was experienced byRead MoreHuman rights are the natural-born rights for every human being. The United Nations applied the1300 Words   |  6 PagesHuman rights are the natural-born rights for every human being. The United Nations applied the Universal Declaration of Human Rights on the 10th December 1948. One of the biggest problems that face human rights is slavery. Slavery started in the 1600’s in North America, at the present time slavery cannot be considered lawful. There is no culture nowadays can force anyone for slavery, unfortunately it is still continuing in many parts of the world mainly by human trafficking. Currently there are moreRead MoreEducation Is The First And Foremost Right Of Every Human Being1521 Words   |  7 Pagesforemost right of every human being, but sadly so many of us don’t appreciate it enough. Education adds so many values to our life, and some of the most important values are building a personality and a life. Besides the obvious skills and facts that we learn, we learn self-motivation and self-discipline, time management skills, social and communication skills and so much more. Most importantly we also gain confidence and self-esteem, as well as learning what s right and what s wrong. Being educatedRead MoreEvery Human Being in India has the Right to Education1814 Words   |  7 PagesThe right to education is a recognized fundamental human right of every human being. Every individual irrespective of his language, nationality, gender, race, religion or age is entitled to free elementary education. The right to education has been recognized as a universal human right by UDHR’s and is also incorporated in number of international conventions such as International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, 1966, The Convention on Elimination of All Forms of DiscriminationRead MoreWhy Is Healthcare Be A Natural Right Of All Human Beings?894 Words   |  4 PagesAs a high schoo l student in Egypt, I noticed that good healthcare was a privilege that only the upper class could afford. However, I quickly realized that healthcare should be a natural right of all human beings regardless of socio-economic status. It was here that I developed my interest in practicing in underserved communities, because I want to make a positive impact on the health of individuals, families, and communities simultaneously. During my last three years of medical school back in EgyptRead MoreIn The World Right Now There Are Over 7 Billion Human Beings1381 Words   |  6 PagesIn the world right now there are over 7 billion human beings living scattered across the globe. Some live in remote areas such as Antarctica or on small secluded islands in the pacific. But does living so far away from other humans mean that they are safe from diseases that can possibly kill them? Living in close proximity with other human beings may have its benefits in terms of communication, trade and comfort. But some features of human societies may lead to an enhanced risk of a super infectious

Politics Essay Margaret Thatcher’s Domestic Reforms Free Essays

string(42) " were well over three million unemployed\." Which features of Margaret Thatcher’s domestic reforms (1979-1990), if any, are still prevalent in present-day Britain? The echoes of Margaret Thatcher spirit still reverberate in the Conservative-Liberal coalition. There are key aspects of domestic policy introduced by Margaret Thatcher which retain a profound influence on the politics of today. Underpinning all of the domestic agenda in 1979 and 2010 is the spending cuts and the remarkable parallels between Geoffrey Howe’s and George Osborne’s budgets. We will write a custom essay sample on Politics Essay: Margaret Thatcher’s Domestic Reforms or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the coalition government’s plans for the privatisation of Royal Mail and their programme for the welfare state distinct parallels can be drawn with the Thatcher government’s domestic reforms between 1979 and 1990. On the other hand, there are also distinct areas which have seen the coalition break significantly with Thatcher, most notably in the areas of crime and trade unions. I intend to contrast the new coalition Government’s manifesto and record so far with the Thatcher era and elicit how profoundly the domestic reforms initiated by Thatcher are still prevalent today in modern politics across the political divide. It is no coincidence that Andrew Grice, the political editor of the Independent, wrote an article in the aftermath of the 2010 budget entitled â€Å"Has Osborne just completed the Thatcherite Revolution?†[1] The parallels between 1979 and 2010 are irresistible: A dismal economic inheritance from a Labour Party perceived by the Conservatives to be running the country to ruin by attempting to spend their way out of horrendous structural problems in the economy. Although the global economic crisis precipitated by the sub-prime mortgage crisis in America can be distinguished from the sterling crisis which culminated in the loan from the International Monetary Fund in 1976[2], the task facing the coalition and how they have tackled the huge budget deficit is reminiscent of Thatcher. This strikingly similar economic approach has provided the forum for Thatcher’s domestic policies to flourish once again and find expression in many of the coalition’s policies. Referring to 1979, Nigel Lawson, the former Chancellor of the Exchequer in Thatcher’s Government and then financial secretary, aptly sums up the task which his party resolved to tackle in 1979 and to make: â€Å"a decisive start to the process of reducing the deficit, and to do so entirely by cutting government spending†[3]. The budget deficits in 1979 and 2010 saw the respective Government’s advocate a rejection of Keynesianism. Both periods saw a brutal reduction in public spending yet one of the more familiar of Keynes’ insights is that during a recession the Government deficit should be increased to create the demand that would reinvigorate the economy. Consequently the ideological parallels adopted by the coalition and by the Thatcher government in cutting the budget deficits have enabled Thatcher’s domestic reforms to once again be prevalent in British society. Without such an atmosphere of economic difficulty, it is questionable whether any government with a budget surplus would follow such domestic reforms as privatisation or drastic reform of the welfare state. Privatisation was, in Peter Riddell’s own words, â€Å"the jewel in the crown of the Government’s legislative programme[4]†. Harold Macmillan, in his speech to the Tory Reform Group on 8th November 1985, put it slightly differently: â€Å"First of all the Georgian silver goes, and then all the nice furniture that used to be in the saloon. Then the Canalettos go.†[5] In the decade after Margaret Thatcher came to power about two-fifths of the previously state-owned industries were sold to the private sector. These striking innovations changed the boundaries between the private and the public sector fundamentally. But what is left to privatise?[6] There is the Royal Mail, which escaped plans to part-privatise it during the Labour government[7], but which has now been targeted by the coalition as being ripe for full privatisation. That both sides of the political divide have expressed a desire to privatise the Royal Mail to some extent is testament to the enduring legacy of privatisation started under Thatcher. As Hugo Young, the Guardian’s former political commentator, remarks: â€Å"the privatizing of productive business will never be reversed†[8]. Indeed the privatisation jewel was not reversed during Tony Blair’s Government and he has been described by Anthony Seldon as not possessing â€Å"the visceral hatred of privatisation of those on the left of his party†[9]. It must be noted that although the attempt in 2009 to part-privatise the Royal Mail was met with a revolt by 120 Labour backbenchers, forcing Lord Mandelson to abandon his plans, the lack of credible bidders for the proposed stake of 30% appears to be the real nail in the coffin. Although the coalition agreement does not explicitly state that the Royal Mail will be privatised, it would appear that the reality of the budget deficit, as Geoffrey Howe realised in 1979, and the need to raise capital has forced the hand of the coalition in privatising the Royal Mail.[10] A postal services bill is currently making its way through Parliament, having been introduced on the 13th October, received its second reading on the 27th October and having reached the Committee stage on the 9th of November[11]. The four parts of the bill reveal that up to 90% is being sold off but in reality a trade-off is being sought between the Lib-Dem manifesto commitment of 49% part privatisation and the 100% sought by the Conservative party. The welfare state was also a centrepiece of Margaret Thatcher’s domestic reforms. It has been observed that â€Å"Mrs Thatcher’s social mission was equally clear cut: roll back excessive state activity and bureaucracy and let individuals stand on their own two feet†[12]. Much has been made of the welfare state during this time and perhaps Max Hastings, who argued that the policies during this time were designed to undo the perceived excesses of the 1960s, describes the situation most aptly: â€Å"Some of us were increasingly troubled by the absence of concern in the government’s policies and rhetoric for the underclass – this, at a time when there were well over three million unemployed. You read "Politics Essay: Margaret Thatcher’s Domestic Reforms" in category "Essay examples"†[13] The welfare state is the natural target for the right wing for two reasons: â€Å"First, because it allegedly generates even higher tax levels, budget deficits, disincentives to work and save, and a bloated class of unproductive workers. Second, because it encourages ‘soft’ attitudes towards crime, immigrants, the idle, the feckless, strikers, the sexually aberrant and so forth.†[14] Reitan notes that when Margaret Thatcher came to power she was a vehement critic of the welfare state for two reasons. Firstly she considered it as being too expensive and wasteful and secondly that it detracted from individual initiative and responsibility[15]. Perhaps one of Thatcher’s most enduring policies in this area is the right to buy for council house tenants. Reitan observes that this resulted in one million families or individuals becoming landowners. This success came at a price for many though as it saw them mired in the ‘negative equity’ caused by ove r-inflated prices from a distorted property market. The Labour party continued to support the right to buy and this can be described accurately as a domestic policy which is still very much prevalent in modern Britain. It must be noted though that the right to buy is being reviewed by the coalition government[16]. Nevertheless this is one key policy aspect which has survived into modern times intact and which bridges the political divide. A key theme of Margaret Thatcher’s government was of targeting welfare to the most needy in society. Seldon Collings describe the policy on welfare: â€Å"Successive reforms of the social security system progressively tightened the eligibility rules for unemployment benefit. Means-testing was extended while payouts from insurance based benefits were restricted, and the level of the popular universal benefit paid to parents (child benefit) was frequently frozen year on year.†[17] The coalition government has gone further than the Thatcher government on child benefit by scrapping it for higher rate taxpayers. This meteoric leap goes far beyond what the Thatcher government contemplated. Despite this, the ideological attack on the welfare state, which was originated by Margaret Thatcher, is gathering pace and has found expression in the coalition government’s plans and policies on welfare. The radical welfare reforms proposed by Ian Duncan Smith include simplifying the system comprehensively by replacing all benefits with one means-tested universal benefit which will subsume all by 2017 (including child benefit)[18]. Finally Helen Fawcett suggests that the single most important contribution by Thatcher was to change the way in which benefits were â€Å"uprated or increased on a regular basis†[19] by announcing that they would be increased in line with prices and not in line with increases in average earnings. This meant that the basic pension has progressively lost value whereas it had doubled from 1948 to the 80’s. The coalition agreement however, indicates that the earnings link for the basic pension will be restored in 2011 with a triple guarantee that pensions are raised by the higher of earnings, prices or 2.5%[20]. In the areas of crime and the trade unions it would appear that Thatcher’s reforms are not so prevalent in modern politics. Regarding crime Douglas Hurd, then Home Secretary, summarises the stance of the Government: â€Å"On some issues, such as the poor quality of police leadership, she let me have her strong views. In general I realised that she favoured a tough line and strong penalties†[21] The Criminal Justice Bill of 1986, a reaction to the horrific race riots in Brixton and London, Birmingham and Liverpool, demonstrated the Thatcher administration’s determination to tackle crime in a very heavy handed manner. Reitan describes the changes brought about by the Bill: â€Å"It provided for longer sentences, compensation to victims of crime, limitation on defense challenges to jurors, and privacy for children called to testify in child abuse cases. The Public Order Act of the same year gave the police new powers and resources for riot control. It reflected the view of many Conservatives that a strong hand was necessary to deal with the volatile populations of the central cities.†[22] The coalition government’s proposals on crime are liberal. Kenneth Clarke, the justice secretary, has argued powerfully that â€Å"too often prison has proved a costly and ineffectual approach that fails to turn criminals into law-abiding citizens†[23]. Furthermore, the Police Reform and Social Responsibility Bill which is currently making its way through Parliament will make police more accountable and restore the right to non-violent protest around Parliament. Budgetary cuts to the police force are also a break from the past[24] and emphasize the change in ideology from Thatcher to David Cameron in 2010. Finally programmes contracted out to private companies will be an alternative to sentencing, although this has been attacked by some on the left as a part-privatisation of the judiciary[25]. So even though the policy is liberal, it could be argued that the economics behind it are reminiscent of Thatcher. Thatcher’s battles with the trade unions are well documented. A clear reduction in the political power of trade unions was one of her key objectives and she is widely acknowledged to have succeeded in bringing unions back within the scope of the civil law by enacting incremental legislation such as the Employment Acts of 1980, 1982 and 1988 which among other things, made unions liable for damages incurred during a strike unless a majority had been secured by secret ballot[26]. David Cameron has actively sought the support of the unions and has so far resisted powerful calls from Boris Johnson[27] and David Davis[28] to tear up strike laws and make it more difficult to strike. In conclusion there are certainly key aspects of Margaret Thatcher’s domestic reforms which are still very prevalent in society today. Overshadowing all is the similarity in approach to cutting the budget and the rejection of Keynesianism. In terms of privatisation and the welfare state Thatcher has left an indelible mark on British Society which has found powerful expression in the coalition government and their actions so far. Areas such as crime and trade unions however are moving in a different direction and Thatcher’s reforms in these areas have been slowly eroded down the years by the successive Labour government’s and even under the Conservative-Liberal Democrat coalition. Bibliography Books: Collings, Daniel Seldon, Anthony ‘Britainunder Thatcher’ Longman 2000 Hall Jacques (ed) ‘The politics of Thatcherism’ Lawrence and Wishart 1983 Hastings, Max ‘Editor’ Pan Books 2002 Hollowell, Jonathan (ed) ‘Britainsince 1945’ Blackwell 2003 Howe, Geoffrey ‘Conflict of Loyalty’ Pan books 1995 p.255 Hurd,Douglas‘Memoirs’ Little, Brown 2003 Lawson, Nigel â€Å"The view from No.11† Bantam Press 1992 Reitan, A.Earl ‘The Thatcher Revolution’ Rowan Littlefield Publishers 2003 Riddell, Peter ‘The Thatcher Era and its Legacy’ Blackwell 1991 Seldon, Anthony ‘Blair’ Free Press 2004 p.102-3 Jones, Kavanagh, Moran Norton ‘PoliticsUK’ Pearson 2004 Young, Hugo ‘Supping with the Devils’ Atlantic Books London 2003 p. 16 Websites: (1) http://www.spectator.co.uk/coffeehouse/6374543/privatization-revisited.thtml (2) http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2009/jul/01/royal-mail-mandelson-part-privatisation (3) http://www.heraldscotland.com/news/politics/echoes-of-thatcher-as-coalition-scraps-free-infant-milk-1.1046708[1] (4) http://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/commentators/andrew-grice/andrew-grice-has-osborne-just-completed-the-thatcherite-revolution-not-that-hed-ever-want-to-admit-it-2113427.html (5) http://www.spectator.co.uk/coffeehouse/6374543/privatization-revisited.thtml (6) http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/borisjohnson/8041101/Boris-Johnson-calls-for-change-in-strike-laws.html (7) http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1326826/Cameron-told-Rip-outdated-union-laws-rival-David-Davis.html (8) http://leftsideoflife.com/ (9) http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/politics/conservative/8047588/Child-benefit-to-be-replaced-by-means-tested-universal-credit-by-2017.html (10) http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/politics/conservative/8047588/Child-benefit-to-be-replaced-by-means-tested-universal-credit-by-2017.html (11) http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2010/sep/16/right-to-buy-rethink [1] http://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/commentators/andrew-grice/andrew-grice-has-osborne-just-completed-the-thatcherite-revolution-not-that-hed-ever-want-to-admit-it-2113427.html [2] Lawson, Nigel â€Å"The view from No.11† Bantam Press 1992 p.27 [3] Lawson, Nigel â€Å"The view from No.11† Bantam Press 1992 p.31 [4] Lawson, Nigel â€Å"The view from No.11† Bantam Press 1992 p.197 [5] Riddell, Peter ‘The Thatcher Era And its Legacy’ Blackwell 1991 p.87 [6] http://www.spectator.co.uk/coffeehouse/6374543/privatization-revisited.thtml [7] http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2009/jul/01/royal-mail-mandelson-part-privatisation [8] Young, Hugo ‘Supping with the Devils’ Atlantic Books London 2003 p. 16 [9] Seldon, Anthony ‘Blair’ Free Press 2004 p.102-3 [10] Howe, Geoffrey ‘Conflict of Loyalty’ Pan books 1995 p.255 [11]http://services.parliament.uk/bills/2010-11/postalservices.html [12] Collings, Daniel Seldon, Anthony ‘Britain under Thatcher’ Longman 2000 p.70 [13]Hastings, Max ‘Editor’ Pan Books 2002 p.163 [14] Hall, Stuart Jacques, Martin ‘The politics of Thatcherism’ Lawrence and Wishart 1983 p.156 [15] Reitan, A.Earl ‘The Thatcher Revolution’ Rowan Littlefield Publishers 2003 p.98 [16] http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2010/sep/16/right-to-buy-rethink [17] Collings, Daniel Seldon, Anthony ‘Britain under Thatcher’ Longman 2000 p.71 [18] http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/politics/conservative/8047588/Child-benefit-to-be-replaced-by-means-tested-universal-credit-by-2017.html [19] Hollowell, Jonathan (ed) ‘Britain since 1945’ Blackwell 2003 p.452 [20] http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2010/may/20/coalition-government-agreement-cameron-clegg [21] Hurd,Douglas ‘Memoirs’ Little, Brown 2003 p. 341 [22] Reitan, A.Earl ‘The Thatcher Revolution’ Rowan Littlefield Publishers 2003 p.109 [23] http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/crime/7862003/Kenneth-Clarke-Fewer-criminals-will-go-to-prison.html [24] Jones, Kavanagh, Moran Norton ‘Politics UK’ Pearson 2004 p.623 [25] http://leftsideoflife.com/ [26] Collings, Daniel Seldon, Anthony ‘Britain under Thatcher’ Longman 2000 p.69 [27] http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/borisjohnson/8041101/Boris-Johnson-calls-for-change-in-strike-laws.html [28] http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1326826/Cameron-told-Rip-outdated-union-laws-rival-David-Davis.html How to cite Politics Essay: Margaret Thatcher’s Domestic Reforms, Essay examples

Student Exploration Fan Cart Physics Essay Example For Students

Student Exploration: Fan Cart Physics Essay The experiments demonstrate Newtons first law because the fans act as the unbalanced force. If the fan is blowing in one direction, it will make the cart accelerate, and if there are two fans blowing in opposite directions, the cart will remain at a constant velocity because it is a balanced force. I Activity B: I Place three fans on the cart, all blowing to the left. Question: How do mass and force affect acceleration? 1 . Experiment: Turn on the fans. Click Play and watch the cart, then select the TABLE tab. A. Scroll to the bottom of the table. What is the final velocity of the cart? . 8 m/s B. How long did it take the cart to reach the end of the track? 4 s 2. Calculate: Acceleration is a measure of how much the velocity of the cart changes each second. To calculate acceleration, divide the final velocity by the amount of time it took to reach that velocity. The units of acceleration are meters per second per second, or m/so. A. What is the acceleration of the cart? (Include units. ) 1. 2 meters per second per second. B. Check your answer on the TABLE tab. Were you correct? Yes. 3. Form hypothesis: a. How do you think changing the mass of the cart will affect its acceleration? Changing the mass of the cart will affect its acceleration by causing it to accelerate slower than if there was no mass on the cart. A. How do you think the number of fans will affect the carts acceleration? The number of fans will affect the carts acceleration by causing it to accelerate faster every time a fan is added 4. Experiment: Select the BAR CHART tab and turn on Show numerical values. For each of the situations below, record the acceleration of the cart. 13 fans, O mass units 2 mass units II 13 1. 4 1. 8 11. 2 1. 2 1. 6 Activity B (continued from previous page) 5. Analyze: Look at the acceleration values. A. How did doubling the force affect the acceleration of the cart? The acceleration to double as well. B. Compare the first and third lines of data. How did tripling the force affect the acceleration of the cart? It tripled the acceleration. C. A cart with two mass units and three fans has twice the mass as a cart with Just three fans. How did doubling the mass affect the acceleration of the cart? It didnt feet the acceleration of the cart the acceleration stayed the same. 6. Draw conclusions: Newtons second law states that force is equal to mass times acceleration: F = ma. This law can be rearranged as a = F / m, or a = m. How does this experiment demonstrate Newtons second law? This experiment demonstrates Newtons second law of motion because you can use the data tables to work out the equations. 7. Challenge: The unit of force is the Newton (N). One Newton is the force required to accelerate a I-keg object at a rate of 1 m/so. Suppose each fan supplies a force of 2 N. Use Newtons second law and the Gizmo to find the following. A. The mass of the cart: B. The mass off fan: C. The mass of one of the draggle mass units: