Medical Testing On Animal Testing - 1925 Words

Who should be the first to suffer, humans or rodents? Medical testing on animals involves experimentation to observe variables that affect behavior or the biological system under review. Scientists, after studying side effects of a new drug using animals, usually test it next on human volunteers to confirm how the drug will interact with human physiology. Experimental research includes different fields and is usually conducted by universities, medical schools, and pharmaceutical companies. The majority of animals used for research are rats, mice, hamsters, and gerbils. Researchers depend on animal test results to achieve medical advances. Experiments using animals have played a crucial role in the development of modern medical treatments. They allow humans to be the priority in the medical field and allow fewer people to suffer and die by improving the entire medical system. We should not stop using animals in medical experiments. Otherwise, people would die and suffer under such a policy. Historically, almost all new drugs that are introduced each year after much animal testing. Even though the number of animal lives expended is a huge cost, the benefits that each drug brings confirm that cost. New drugs approved for medical use have the potential to relieve human pain and suffering not only for current patients, but also for future generations. First of all, animals rights are less important than human rights. We have the right to use animals to improve the medicalShow MoreRelatedMedical Research On Animal Testing1736 Words   |  7 Pagesprogress can be judged by the way its animals are treated†. Medical research on animals is an effective way for scientist to test different medical discoveries and experiment before using them on humans to check their result. This technique has been used for centuries dating back to people such and Aristotle and Erasistratus. What exactly is medical research on animals? When we take a deeper look into the experiment that are preformed we can conclude that animals are a living model of humans in theseRead More Medical Testing On Animals Essay1511 Words   |  7 PagesMedical Testing On Animals Medical testing on animals is a very controversial topic that touches almost every individuals life whether they realize it or not. 16 million diabetic people enjoy life they would otherwise not have if it werent for the dogs, rabbits, and, fish that endured tests to help scientists discover treatments and produce insulin. Cardiovascular disease is high on the list of American killers. The procedures used to treat this affliction such as surgical techniquesRead MoreAnimal Testing And Medical Advancement1358 Words   |  6 PagesAnimal Testing and Medical Advancement Every day, animals such as rabbits, chimpanzees, and mice take part of medical experimentation. â€Å"Chimpanzees share 99% of their DNA with humans, and mice are 98% genetically similar to humans. The United States and Gabon are the only two countries that allow experimentation on chimpanzees.† (The Jane Goodall Institute of Canada). What people don’t understand is that these animals contribute to medical discoveries regarding human health. Animals should be usedRead MoreAnimal Testing And The Medical Field Essay1789 Words   |  8 PagesINTRODUCTION: When people hear the phrase â€Å"animal testing† they tend to have many reactions. Some think that it should not be allowed, while others think that science could not survive without it. Many advances have been made in the medical field because of animal testing, and the process of eliminating it from existence will be extremely difficult (Ericson, 2014; Daston, et al., 2015). Due to the controversy surrounding the subject people might not know all of the facts. Through our research weRead MoreAnimal Testing And The Medical Field1957 Words   |  8 PagesAnimal testing began after consumer products caused harm to the buyer. In 1930, a mascara called Lash Lure, blinded many women who used it. In 1937, one hundred people died from a new cough syrup called Elixir (Why do companies test cosmetics or other products on animals? 2013). These are two occurrences that pushed people to use animals for testing product safety. Today, the use of animals has expanded into experiments bene fiting the medical field. These experimental animal studies are beneficialRead MoreShould Animals Be Used For Medical Testing?1302 Words   |  6 Pagesdiscussion of animal rights, one controversial issue has been whether or not animals should be use for medical testing. On the one hand, some scientists argue that animal testing has contributed for many cures and treatments. On the other hand, animal rights activist contends that alternative methods now exist that can replace the need for animals. Others even maintain that animal testing is an essential part in medical research. My own view is that animals should not be used in medical testing becauseRead MoreEssay The Ethics of Medical Animal Testing1941 Words   |  8 Pageshuman race comes before any other consideration. This is the justification for the use of nonhuman animal testing in medicine. Of course this argument brings issues into play that are both ethical and professional and need exploring before a definitive answe r can be given. The Rights of â€Å"Lesser Life Forms† Animals have rights. This is a statement that very few people will disagree with. Animal cruelty as an end unto itself (i.e. for entertainment) is just wrong. Short of being a sociopath IRead MoreMedical Testing on Animals is Considered Animal Cruelty Essay1020 Words   |  5 PagesResearch on living animals has been practiced since at least 500 BC. Over 25 million animals are tested in labs every year. They are used for medical and scientific research. The animals used in research often undergo cruel experimentations and suffer through the pain. During medical testing, less than 2% of human illnesses are seen in animals, therefor medical testing on animals is cruel and pointless. Medical testing on animals should be illegal because products that pass animal tests end up harmingRead MoreEthical Issue Of Animal Testing For Medical Research961 Words   |  4 Pageshe ethical issue of animal testing for medical testing is not new, for example the majority of the common vaccines were d eveloped because medical research that utilized animal testing. Many philosophers have attempted to explain the rights of animals and some wrote on the lack of inherent rights. This issue is difficult because animals can’t speak for themselves but humans do have a place to play in the fight for animal rights. I will apply the principle of utility along with the moral theories ofRead MoreAnimal Testing is Vital to Medical Advances Essay2459 Words   |  10 PagesResearch is responsible for virtually all the medical breakthroughs there have been- there are medicines and vaccines and cures and treatments and more life saving benefits being developed today- but an important factor to the development of medical advances is the inclusion of animals in research. Virtually almost everyone alive has benefited from the medical advances made feasible through animal testing. According to my aunt Blanca, who is a mother of a child who was diagnosed with severe epilepsy

The Rights Of Human Beings - 2011 Words

This essay will look at whether the existence of rights should be acknowledged by the law in all humans and whether it is only human beings who deserve the recognition of rights. I will explain the concept of rights and provide reasons on why it is imperative that the law recognises rights of human beings. I will also discuss the development of rights in nonhumans as to whether the law should recognise them. The concept of rights has been enshrined in law since the Magna Carta was created in 1215. A right is a basic moral guarantee granted to a person that is unequivocal and universal. Having a right to possession allows parties to claim what rightfully belongs to them as they are entitled to it. Rights protect the freedom of people and from a legal perspective, this allows everyone to live their lives as they see fit without interference. Human rights uphold the notion of dignity and integrity as every person is entitled to them simply by being a human being. They protect the vuln erable and disadvantaged to prevent them from being discriminated against. These rights also develop a minimal standard which society and governments must adhere to as human rights should be of a high priority in a legitimate setting. I will now use my points to explain why it is crucial for rights to be taken into account when a legal system is drafted. This applies especially for human rights as they are the most likely to be abused if any form of discrimination occurs. A right shouldShow MoreRelatedThe Rights of Human Beings790 Words   |  3 PagesThe Rights of Human Beings The support, laws, and the definition of marriage itself are changing at this very moment, and will continue to change. Same-sex marriage is becoming a hot issue, with nearly everyone under the age of 30 supporting it, yet there are still many things that need to happen before it becomes legal. The battle is ongoing and still has years ahead of it, but more and more politicians are now starting to see just where the American peoples interests are. The big issue howeverRead MoreHuman Beings Are Born With Inalienable Rights Essay1303 Words   |  6 PagesAyala Suzette Ghent English Composition 1 November 30, 2016 The Right to Die Human beings are born with inalienable rights; rights in which cannot be separated from a person. One is born with the right to liberty, the pursuit of happiness and most importantly life. It is only human nature that with the gift of life comes death. Human beings were born with the right to live; however, they were not born with the right to die. All human beings will die when their time comes, but when exactly will that beRead MoreThe Inherent Rights of Human Beings Essay1123 Words   |  5 PagesThe Inherent Rights of Human Beings This question is concerned with whether or not it is possible for natural rights to exist. Natural rights are rights which we have naturally as humans, in other words rights which we inherently have, just by being human. A large problem with answering this question is that of defining the term rights, a question to which the answer has been very elusive throughout the history of political analysis. The following investigation into the possibilityRead MoreHuman Beings Have a Right to Die Essay3639 Words   |  15 Pages  Ã‚   Do people have the right to die? Is there, in fact, a right to die? Assisted suicide is a controversial topic in the public eye today. Individuals choose their side of the controversy based on a number of variables ranging from their religious views and moral standings to political factors. Several aspects of this issue have been examined in books, TV shows, movies, magazine articles, and other means of bringing the subject to the attention of the public. However, perhaps the best way to lookRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is The Constitutional Right Of A Human Being1793 Words   |  8 Pagespenalty has a lot of ethical and moral matters tied to it. In a world of individuality there is a divide on the people, for the death sentence and those against it. Many view it as a barbaric and cruel punishment that violates the constitutional right of a human being. Whilst other view it as a just punishment for serious crimes. This paper will look at the history of the death penalty in Australia in body one. Then in body two, lead on to a recent case known as the ‘Bali nine’ which was experienced byRead MoreHuman rights are the natural-born rights for every human being. The United Nations applied the1300 Words   |  6 PagesHuman rights are the natural-born rights for every human being. The United Nations applied the Universal Declaration of Human Rights on the 10th December 1948. One of the biggest problems that face human rights is slavery. Slavery started in the 1600’s in North America, at the present time slavery cannot be considered lawful. There is no culture nowadays can force anyone for slavery, unfortunately it is still continuing in many parts of the world mainly by human trafficking. Currently there are moreRead MoreEducation Is The First And Foremost Right Of Every Human Being1521 Words   |  7 Pagesforemost right of every human being, but sadly so many of us don’t appreciate it enough. Education adds so many values to our life, and some of the most important values are building a personality and a life. Besides the obvious skills and facts that we learn, we learn self-motivation and self-discipline, time management skills, social and communication skills and so much more. Most importantly we also gain confidence and self-esteem, as well as learning what s right and what s wrong. Being educatedRead MoreEvery Human Being in India has the Right to Education1814 Words   |  7 PagesThe right to education is a recognized fundamental human right of every human being. Every individual irrespective of his language, nationality, gender, race, religion or age is entitled to free elementary education. The right to education has been recognized as a universal human right by UDHR’s and is also incorporated in number of international conventions such as International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, 1966, The Convention on Elimination of All Forms of DiscriminationRead MoreWhy Is Healthcare Be A Natural Right Of All Human Beings?894 Words   |  4 PagesAs a high schoo l student in Egypt, I noticed that good healthcare was a privilege that only the upper class could afford. However, I quickly realized that healthcare should be a natural right of all human beings regardless of socio-economic status. It was here that I developed my interest in practicing in underserved communities, because I want to make a positive impact on the health of individuals, families, and communities simultaneously. During my last three years of medical school back in EgyptRead MoreIn The World Right Now There Are Over 7 Billion Human Beings1381 Words   |  6 PagesIn the world right now there are over 7 billion human beings living scattered across the globe. Some live in remote areas such as Antarctica or on small secluded islands in the pacific. But does living so far away from other humans mean that they are safe from diseases that can possibly kill them? Living in close proximity with other human beings may have its benefits in terms of communication, trade and comfort. But some features of human societies may lead to an enhanced risk of a super infectious

Politics Essay Margaret Thatcher’s Domestic Reforms Free Essays

string(42) " were well over three million unemployed\." Which features of Margaret Thatcher’s domestic reforms (1979-1990), if any, are still prevalent in present-day Britain? The echoes of Margaret Thatcher spirit still reverberate in the Conservative-Liberal coalition. There are key aspects of domestic policy introduced by Margaret Thatcher which retain a profound influence on the politics of today. Underpinning all of the domestic agenda in 1979 and 2010 is the spending cuts and the remarkable parallels between Geoffrey Howe’s and George Osborne’s budgets. We will write a custom essay sample on Politics Essay: Margaret Thatcher’s Domestic Reforms or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the coalition government’s plans for the privatisation of Royal Mail and their programme for the welfare state distinct parallels can be drawn with the Thatcher government’s domestic reforms between 1979 and 1990. On the other hand, there are also distinct areas which have seen the coalition break significantly with Thatcher, most notably in the areas of crime and trade unions. I intend to contrast the new coalition Government’s manifesto and record so far with the Thatcher era and elicit how profoundly the domestic reforms initiated by Thatcher are still prevalent today in modern politics across the political divide. It is no coincidence that Andrew Grice, the political editor of the Independent, wrote an article in the aftermath of the 2010 budget entitled â€Å"Has Osborne just completed the Thatcherite Revolution?†[1] The parallels between 1979 and 2010 are irresistible: A dismal economic inheritance from a Labour Party perceived by the Conservatives to be running the country to ruin by attempting to spend their way out of horrendous structural problems in the economy. Although the global economic crisis precipitated by the sub-prime mortgage crisis in America can be distinguished from the sterling crisis which culminated in the loan from the International Monetary Fund in 1976[2], the task facing the coalition and how they have tackled the huge budget deficit is reminiscent of Thatcher. This strikingly similar economic approach has provided the forum for Thatcher’s domestic policies to flourish once again and find expression in many of the coalition’s policies. Referring to 1979, Nigel Lawson, the former Chancellor of the Exchequer in Thatcher’s Government and then financial secretary, aptly sums up the task which his party resolved to tackle in 1979 and to make: â€Å"a decisive start to the process of reducing the deficit, and to do so entirely by cutting government spending†[3]. The budget deficits in 1979 and 2010 saw the respective Government’s advocate a rejection of Keynesianism. Both periods saw a brutal reduction in public spending yet one of the more familiar of Keynes’ insights is that during a recession the Government deficit should be increased to create the demand that would reinvigorate the economy. Consequently the ideological parallels adopted by the coalition and by the Thatcher government in cutting the budget deficits have enabled Thatcher’s domestic reforms to once again be prevalent in British society. Without such an atmosphere of economic difficulty, it is questionable whether any government with a budget surplus would follow such domestic reforms as privatisation or drastic reform of the welfare state. Privatisation was, in Peter Riddell’s own words, â€Å"the jewel in the crown of the Government’s legislative programme[4]†. Harold Macmillan, in his speech to the Tory Reform Group on 8th November 1985, put it slightly differently: â€Å"First of all the Georgian silver goes, and then all the nice furniture that used to be in the saloon. Then the Canalettos go.†[5] In the decade after Margaret Thatcher came to power about two-fifths of the previously state-owned industries were sold to the private sector. These striking innovations changed the boundaries between the private and the public sector fundamentally. But what is left to privatise?[6] There is the Royal Mail, which escaped plans to part-privatise it during the Labour government[7], but which has now been targeted by the coalition as being ripe for full privatisation. That both sides of the political divide have expressed a desire to privatise the Royal Mail to some extent is testament to the enduring legacy of privatisation started under Thatcher. As Hugo Young, the Guardian’s former political commentator, remarks: â€Å"the privatizing of productive business will never be reversed†[8]. Indeed the privatisation jewel was not reversed during Tony Blair’s Government and he has been described by Anthony Seldon as not possessing â€Å"the visceral hatred of privatisation of those on the left of his party†[9]. It must be noted that although the attempt in 2009 to part-privatise the Royal Mail was met with a revolt by 120 Labour backbenchers, forcing Lord Mandelson to abandon his plans, the lack of credible bidders for the proposed stake of 30% appears to be the real nail in the coffin. Although the coalition agreement does not explicitly state that the Royal Mail will be privatised, it would appear that the reality of the budget deficit, as Geoffrey Howe realised in 1979, and the need to raise capital has forced the hand of the coalition in privatising the Royal Mail.[10] A postal services bill is currently making its way through Parliament, having been introduced on the 13th October, received its second reading on the 27th October and having reached the Committee stage on the 9th of November[11]. The four parts of the bill reveal that up to 90% is being sold off but in reality a trade-off is being sought between the Lib-Dem manifesto commitment of 49% part privatisation and the 100% sought by the Conservative party. The welfare state was also a centrepiece of Margaret Thatcher’s domestic reforms. It has been observed that â€Å"Mrs Thatcher’s social mission was equally clear cut: roll back excessive state activity and bureaucracy and let individuals stand on their own two feet†[12]. Much has been made of the welfare state during this time and perhaps Max Hastings, who argued that the policies during this time were designed to undo the perceived excesses of the 1960s, describes the situation most aptly: â€Å"Some of us were increasingly troubled by the absence of concern in the government’s policies and rhetoric for the underclass – this, at a time when there were well over three million unemployed. You read "Politics Essay: Margaret Thatcher’s Domestic Reforms" in category "Essay examples"†[13] The welfare state is the natural target for the right wing for two reasons: â€Å"First, because it allegedly generates even higher tax levels, budget deficits, disincentives to work and save, and a bloated class of unproductive workers. Second, because it encourages ‘soft’ attitudes towards crime, immigrants, the idle, the feckless, strikers, the sexually aberrant and so forth.†[14] Reitan notes that when Margaret Thatcher came to power she was a vehement critic of the welfare state for two reasons. Firstly she considered it as being too expensive and wasteful and secondly that it detracted from individual initiative and responsibility[15]. Perhaps one of Thatcher’s most enduring policies in this area is the right to buy for council house tenants. Reitan observes that this resulted in one million families or individuals becoming landowners. This success came at a price for many though as it saw them mired in the ‘negative equity’ caused by ove r-inflated prices from a distorted property market. The Labour party continued to support the right to buy and this can be described accurately as a domestic policy which is still very much prevalent in modern Britain. It must be noted though that the right to buy is being reviewed by the coalition government[16]. Nevertheless this is one key policy aspect which has survived into modern times intact and which bridges the political divide. A key theme of Margaret Thatcher’s government was of targeting welfare to the most needy in society. Seldon Collings describe the policy on welfare: â€Å"Successive reforms of the social security system progressively tightened the eligibility rules for unemployment benefit. Means-testing was extended while payouts from insurance based benefits were restricted, and the level of the popular universal benefit paid to parents (child benefit) was frequently frozen year on year.†[17] The coalition government has gone further than the Thatcher government on child benefit by scrapping it for higher rate taxpayers. This meteoric leap goes far beyond what the Thatcher government contemplated. Despite this, the ideological attack on the welfare state, which was originated by Margaret Thatcher, is gathering pace and has found expression in the coalition government’s plans and policies on welfare. The radical welfare reforms proposed by Ian Duncan Smith include simplifying the system comprehensively by replacing all benefits with one means-tested universal benefit which will subsume all by 2017 (including child benefit)[18]. Finally Helen Fawcett suggests that the single most important contribution by Thatcher was to change the way in which benefits were â€Å"uprated or increased on a regular basis†[19] by announcing that they would be increased in line with prices and not in line with increases in average earnings. This meant that the basic pension has progressively lost value whereas it had doubled from 1948 to the 80’s. The coalition agreement however, indicates that the earnings link for the basic pension will be restored in 2011 with a triple guarantee that pensions are raised by the higher of earnings, prices or 2.5%[20]. In the areas of crime and the trade unions it would appear that Thatcher’s reforms are not so prevalent in modern politics. Regarding crime Douglas Hurd, then Home Secretary, summarises the stance of the Government: â€Å"On some issues, such as the poor quality of police leadership, she let me have her strong views. In general I realised that she favoured a tough line and strong penalties†[21] The Criminal Justice Bill of 1986, a reaction to the horrific race riots in Brixton and London, Birmingham and Liverpool, demonstrated the Thatcher administration’s determination to tackle crime in a very heavy handed manner. Reitan describes the changes brought about by the Bill: â€Å"It provided for longer sentences, compensation to victims of crime, limitation on defense challenges to jurors, and privacy for children called to testify in child abuse cases. The Public Order Act of the same year gave the police new powers and resources for riot control. It reflected the view of many Conservatives that a strong hand was necessary to deal with the volatile populations of the central cities.†[22] The coalition government’s proposals on crime are liberal. Kenneth Clarke, the justice secretary, has argued powerfully that â€Å"too often prison has proved a costly and ineffectual approach that fails to turn criminals into law-abiding citizens†[23]. Furthermore, the Police Reform and Social Responsibility Bill which is currently making its way through Parliament will make police more accountable and restore the right to non-violent protest around Parliament. Budgetary cuts to the police force are also a break from the past[24] and emphasize the change in ideology from Thatcher to David Cameron in 2010. Finally programmes contracted out to private companies will be an alternative to sentencing, although this has been attacked by some on the left as a part-privatisation of the judiciary[25]. So even though the policy is liberal, it could be argued that the economics behind it are reminiscent of Thatcher. Thatcher’s battles with the trade unions are well documented. A clear reduction in the political power of trade unions was one of her key objectives and she is widely acknowledged to have succeeded in bringing unions back within the scope of the civil law by enacting incremental legislation such as the Employment Acts of 1980, 1982 and 1988 which among other things, made unions liable for damages incurred during a strike unless a majority had been secured by secret ballot[26]. David Cameron has actively sought the support of the unions and has so far resisted powerful calls from Boris Johnson[27] and David Davis[28] to tear up strike laws and make it more difficult to strike. In conclusion there are certainly key aspects of Margaret Thatcher’s domestic reforms which are still very prevalent in society today. Overshadowing all is the similarity in approach to cutting the budget and the rejection of Keynesianism. In terms of privatisation and the welfare state Thatcher has left an indelible mark on British Society which has found powerful expression in the coalition government and their actions so far. Areas such as crime and trade unions however are moving in a different direction and Thatcher’s reforms in these areas have been slowly eroded down the years by the successive Labour government’s and even under the Conservative-Liberal Democrat coalition. Bibliography Books: Collings, Daniel Seldon, Anthony ‘Britainunder Thatcher’ Longman 2000 Hall Jacques (ed) ‘The politics of Thatcherism’ Lawrence and Wishart 1983 Hastings, Max ‘Editor’ Pan Books 2002 Hollowell, Jonathan (ed) ‘Britainsince 1945’ Blackwell 2003 Howe, Geoffrey ‘Conflict of Loyalty’ Pan books 1995 p.255 Hurd,Douglas‘Memoirs’ Little, Brown 2003 Lawson, Nigel â€Å"The view from No.11† Bantam Press 1992 Reitan, A.Earl ‘The Thatcher Revolution’ Rowan Littlefield Publishers 2003 Riddell, Peter ‘The Thatcher Era and its Legacy’ Blackwell 1991 Seldon, Anthony ‘Blair’ Free Press 2004 p.102-3 Jones, Kavanagh, Moran Norton ‘PoliticsUK’ Pearson 2004 Young, Hugo ‘Supping with the Devils’ Atlantic Books London 2003 p. 16 Websites: (1) http://www.spectator.co.uk/coffeehouse/6374543/privatization-revisited.thtml (2) http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2009/jul/01/royal-mail-mandelson-part-privatisation (3) http://www.heraldscotland.com/news/politics/echoes-of-thatcher-as-coalition-scraps-free-infant-milk-1.1046708[1] (4) http://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/commentators/andrew-grice/andrew-grice-has-osborne-just-completed-the-thatcherite-revolution-not-that-hed-ever-want-to-admit-it-2113427.html (5) http://www.spectator.co.uk/coffeehouse/6374543/privatization-revisited.thtml (6) http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/borisjohnson/8041101/Boris-Johnson-calls-for-change-in-strike-laws.html (7) http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1326826/Cameron-told-Rip-outdated-union-laws-rival-David-Davis.html (8) http://leftsideoflife.com/ (9) http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/politics/conservative/8047588/Child-benefit-to-be-replaced-by-means-tested-universal-credit-by-2017.html (10) http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/politics/conservative/8047588/Child-benefit-to-be-replaced-by-means-tested-universal-credit-by-2017.html (11) http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2010/sep/16/right-to-buy-rethink [1] http://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/commentators/andrew-grice/andrew-grice-has-osborne-just-completed-the-thatcherite-revolution-not-that-hed-ever-want-to-admit-it-2113427.html [2] Lawson, Nigel â€Å"The view from No.11† Bantam Press 1992 p.27 [3] Lawson, Nigel â€Å"The view from No.11† Bantam Press 1992 p.31 [4] Lawson, Nigel â€Å"The view from No.11† Bantam Press 1992 p.197 [5] Riddell, Peter ‘The Thatcher Era And its Legacy’ Blackwell 1991 p.87 [6] http://www.spectator.co.uk/coffeehouse/6374543/privatization-revisited.thtml [7] http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2009/jul/01/royal-mail-mandelson-part-privatisation [8] Young, Hugo ‘Supping with the Devils’ Atlantic Books London 2003 p. 16 [9] Seldon, Anthony ‘Blair’ Free Press 2004 p.102-3 [10] Howe, Geoffrey ‘Conflict of Loyalty’ Pan books 1995 p.255 [11]http://services.parliament.uk/bills/2010-11/postalservices.html [12] Collings, Daniel Seldon, Anthony ‘Britain under Thatcher’ Longman 2000 p.70 [13]Hastings, Max ‘Editor’ Pan Books 2002 p.163 [14] Hall, Stuart Jacques, Martin ‘The politics of Thatcherism’ Lawrence and Wishart 1983 p.156 [15] Reitan, A.Earl ‘The Thatcher Revolution’ Rowan Littlefield Publishers 2003 p.98 [16] http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2010/sep/16/right-to-buy-rethink [17] Collings, Daniel Seldon, Anthony ‘Britain under Thatcher’ Longman 2000 p.71 [18] http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/politics/conservative/8047588/Child-benefit-to-be-replaced-by-means-tested-universal-credit-by-2017.html [19] Hollowell, Jonathan (ed) ‘Britain since 1945’ Blackwell 2003 p.452 [20] http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2010/may/20/coalition-government-agreement-cameron-clegg [21] Hurd,Douglas ‘Memoirs’ Little, Brown 2003 p. 341 [22] Reitan, A.Earl ‘The Thatcher Revolution’ Rowan Littlefield Publishers 2003 p.109 [23] http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/crime/7862003/Kenneth-Clarke-Fewer-criminals-will-go-to-prison.html [24] Jones, Kavanagh, Moran Norton ‘Politics UK’ Pearson 2004 p.623 [25] http://leftsideoflife.com/ [26] Collings, Daniel Seldon, Anthony ‘Britain under Thatcher’ Longman 2000 p.69 [27] http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/borisjohnson/8041101/Boris-Johnson-calls-for-change-in-strike-laws.html [28] http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1326826/Cameron-told-Rip-outdated-union-laws-rival-David-Davis.html How to cite Politics Essay: Margaret Thatcher’s Domestic Reforms, Essay examples

Student Exploration Fan Cart Physics Essay Example For Students

Student Exploration: Fan Cart Physics Essay The experiments demonstrate Newtons first law because the fans act as the unbalanced force. If the fan is blowing in one direction, it will make the cart accelerate, and if there are two fans blowing in opposite directions, the cart will remain at a constant velocity because it is a balanced force. I Activity B: I Place three fans on the cart, all blowing to the left. Question: How do mass and force affect acceleration? 1 . Experiment: Turn on the fans. Click Play and watch the cart, then select the TABLE tab. A. Scroll to the bottom of the table. What is the final velocity of the cart? . 8 m/s B. How long did it take the cart to reach the end of the track? 4 s 2. Calculate: Acceleration is a measure of how much the velocity of the cart changes each second. To calculate acceleration, divide the final velocity by the amount of time it took to reach that velocity. The units of acceleration are meters per second per second, or m/so. A. What is the acceleration of the cart? (Include units. ) 1. 2 meters per second per second. B. Check your answer on the TABLE tab. Were you correct? Yes. 3. Form hypothesis: a. How do you think changing the mass of the cart will affect its acceleration? Changing the mass of the cart will affect its acceleration by causing it to accelerate slower than if there was no mass on the cart. A. How do you think the number of fans will affect the carts acceleration? The number of fans will affect the carts acceleration by causing it to accelerate faster every time a fan is added 4. Experiment: Select the BAR CHART tab and turn on Show numerical values. For each of the situations below, record the acceleration of the cart. 13 fans, O mass units 2 mass units II 13 1. 4 1. 8 11. 2 1. 2 1. 6 Activity B (continued from previous page) 5. Analyze: Look at the acceleration values. A. How did doubling the force affect the acceleration of the cart? The acceleration to double as well. B. Compare the first and third lines of data. How did tripling the force affect the acceleration of the cart? It tripled the acceleration. C. A cart with two mass units and three fans has twice the mass as a cart with Just three fans. How did doubling the mass affect the acceleration of the cart? It didnt feet the acceleration of the cart the acceleration stayed the same. 6. Draw conclusions: Newtons second law states that force is equal to mass times acceleration: F = ma. This law can be rearranged as a = F / m, or a = m. How does this experiment demonstrate Newtons second law? This experiment demonstrates Newtons second law of motion because you can use the data tables to work out the equations. 7. Challenge: The unit of force is the Newton (N). One Newton is the force required to accelerate a I-keg object at a rate of 1 m/so. Suppose each fan supplies a force of 2 N. Use Newtons second law and the Gizmo to find the following. A. The mass of the cart: B. The mass off fan: C. The mass of one of the draggle mass units:

Why to Go to College

Introduction Education is one of the most important aspects on human life. Nowadays, educated people are highly valued and the level of education is to be really high. The innovative technologies and the necessity to deal with highly complicated equipment, international partners, etc. make people strive for better education. It is essential to study at college, to get necessary knowledge and to develop them being aware of the latest news.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Why to Go to College specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Education is the issue which opens new ways before people as getting knowledge people become aware of the information which is considered to be the main source of personal development. At the same time education is important for those who are interested in searching for the new information. There are a lot of different ways how education may be used. The emergence of the Internet and t he availability of much information put under question the very necessity of colleges. It is essential to make sure that colleges are necessary, otherwise, more attention should be paid to the processes which allow students study individually using the Internet and other resources. Dwelling about this issue, it is important to turn to the ideas which consider the opportunities people have. First of all, the Internet gives much data which may be read just for widening personal scope. Second, the Internet offers different tests and other tasks aimed at practicing received knowledge. Finally, the Internet contains a lot of teachers who are ready to correct student’s knowledge and to point them to their mistakes. Therefore, it seems that colleges are not necessary. Still, a college systemizes students’ knowledge making them study necessary information (which is to be remembered) and teaching them search for information in case they need something. It is impossible to know everything and colleges are necessary to filter the information which is to be remembered for sure and another one which is to be known and in case of necessity easily found. Opportunities for Advancement and Success through the Internet The Internet has offered too many opportunities for people. First of all, people can read books, journals, the results of research and other important sources online. Second, the Internet allows students to get the curriculum and study in accordance with the college programs that give them all the necessary knowledge, structured and systemized. Third, there are much cheaper organizations online which are able to check students’ mistakes and to point to the fields where more search is to be conducted.Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Finally, the Internet makes it possible to study without going to college as video lessons direct student s at practicing their theoretical knowledge. Considering each of the opportunities mentioned above, we are going to dwell upon the advancement of the Internet in the spheres considered here contrary to their harm. There are a lot of sources online which allow students study. Searching for the necessary information online, students can get good education without college. Books are offered either for delivery or with the opportunity of online reading. There are a lot of databases which offer various journals, etc. All this data may be the first step on the way to students’ success as the more people read the more they become educated. Having a good choice, students should understand that they are to sort the data they are reading. Many online sources are irrelevant. This factor must be considered while research. Students should understand that the Internet offers students many irrelevant sources which may harm their knowledge and spoil true understanding of the things. Studying online, a student is unable to differentiate between the relevant information and irrelevant one. The Internet can systemize students’ knowledge as there are many programs and curriculum online. Using this data appropriately, students have an opportunity to structure their learning process and to study the information they need. Such studying allows students learn the information they consider appropriate and at the same time do not pay for college education. However, curriculum and structured information presented in colleges is not the only distinguishing feature of college. It is impossible to refuse the fact of good Internet support and sometimes even absence of the necessity to go to college, still students should keep in mind that books and other sources of information are not the only activities used in colleges. Students should remember that applying listening and writing is important. Of course, the Internet offers many tasks and activities aimed at assisting studen ts in their education.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Why to Go to College specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Third, online teachers can help students and check their written assignment, correct mistakes and make sure that students’ education is in a correct direction. It is very important for many people to know that their studying is correct. Such an opportunity makes people closer to their dream to become educated people without attending colleges. The Internet offers all the necessary options, not just books and other sources. Therefore, this innovation makes it possible to learn something new individually. Finally, video and audio lessons are available online. Most of them are free, others should be paid, however, it is important to make sure that all the necessary data may be not only read online, but also practical lessons may be taken. Video classes are like teachers’ lections when students listen to the information and follow the actions. Such video lessons are really useful. On the one hand, students can have an experience of practical application of their knowledge, on the other hand, watching videos is the change of activity which is really important for education process. Therefore, it may be concluded that the Internet offers a lot of opportunities according to which students may get good education and reach success. It is essential to make sure that while studying individually by means of the Internet students have correctly structure their education and consider only reliable source. It is also essential to know that to achieve success people are to work hard and individual studying with the help of the Internet is a more complicated job as one has to organize not only the learning process, but also him/herself to make sure that he/she works effective. The Necessity of College Education Even though the Internet is useful in education, it must be a part of student college studying. Having considered all the advantages of the Internet education and how it leads people to success without college, it is possible to make some specific rejections. First of all, studying online sources, students have to differentiate between differentiate between relevant information and irrelevant one.Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is very difficult to do it personally, as students’ knowledge are not enough for it. College professors have already studies most of the popular sources, therefore it would be easier for them to find faults wit students’ sources and recommend appropriate ones. When students search curriculums online, they do not pay attention that some of the may be a part of another curriculum, or before that program another one may should be taken. College studying is a system which has been working for years. Successful education online is impossible without strict directions. Studying in accordance with one curriculum students may lose something important as the Internet cannot guarantee that students usually follow one and the same program, they may shift from one curriculum to losing important information. Of course, students may gain success studying with teachers online, however, such lessons are irregular. Moreover, such teachers in most cases have one degree and their know ledge is limited. College has a lot of PhD teachers who have degrees in different spheres, therefore, going to college students have an opportunity to deal with many various professions and try to consume their knowledge in various spheres. It is also possible to reject audio and video advantages of online education. Of course, such courses are useful, however, they cannot be used as the basic lessons for studying. Students do not have an opportunity to ask questions, students do not have a chance to specify something if the do not understand it. Online education may be just a part of college studying. Students may have to use the Internet as a part of their college education. It is impossible to reject the importance of college education, however, it is also impossible to say that the Internet studying may lead people to success without structured systemized college curriculum. One more proof that college education is necessary is statistics. According to the Bureau of Labor Statis tics, 2011, the rate of employment depends on the level of education. The table below shows that the higher rates of education people have the more salaries they get and the less rate of unemployment among this category of people. Unemployment rate in 2010 Level of education completed Mean (average) earnings in 2010 14.9% Less than a high school diploma $28,184 10.3% High school graduate, no college $39,988 9.2% Some college, no degree $46,228 7.0% Occupational program (career school) $46,332 7.0% Associate degree (academic program) $49,764 5.4% Bachelor’s degree $72,020 4.0% Master’s degree $82,576 1.9% Doctoral degree (e.g., Ph.D.) $103,844 2.4% Professional degree (e.g., M.D., J.D.) $124,176 Table 1: Salary and unemployment rates, people aged 25 years and older with different levels of education (â€Å"Current Population Survey†). Therefore, college education is important, if to consider the issue from the statistical point of view. Th ere are also other reasons why colleges are important and why they should be attended. Holly Epstein Ojalvo states five central reasons in favor of going to colleges, these are â€Å"learning in a rigorous, supported educational environment†, â€Å"socializing and developing a network of friends and contacts†, â€Å"status†, â€Å"self-discovery†, and â€Å"attaining a marketable degree and developing earning potential† (Ojalvo). â€Å"Learning in a rigorous, supported educational environment† (Ojalvo) does not only mean to study books, write papers, and do practical assignments. Attending college students learn to work in a group of different people, to cope with directions and instructions, to meet deadlines, to remember great scope of information and to study how to search for necessary information. College is unable to give students all the knowledge they need, however, colleges are responsible for giving students the instructions about what they are to do in order to complete their work. Moreover, studying in college, students are surrounded by a special environment which gives them the power to study more. Different discussions and disputes during lessons make students know more or become interested in other spheres. College studying helps students consider one particular problem from different angles as studying in supportive educational environment helps students enlarge their scope of knowledge faster at the expense of communication with other students. â€Å"Socializing and developing a network of friends and contacts† (Ojalvo) is anther reason to go to college. Studying at colleges, students usually write various scientific and research papers. Those students who work hard may have some progress in such writing and their works may be interesting to others. It is essential to pay attention to the specific contacts and acquaintances such interest may bring. Depending on the college and its contracts, st udents may be offered a good position after graduating from a college. Moreover, many students start working long before their graduation in the spheres whether their knowledge are enough and with the opportunity for career development after graduation from college. Many students create specific contacts and connections for future professional development being at college. Speaking about socialization, people as social being need communication, live contact communication. The Internet offers great many opportunities, however, live speaking with other people eye to eye is something different than even video communication. â€Å"Status† (Ojalvo) is another reason why students should go to colleges. Moderns system of employment is based on the consideration that good employees are those ones who managed to get a degree. No matter where a person goes for a work, the first question he/she is asked is about degree. A status of college graduator is important as this is the first ste p on the way to higher degree, on the way to a better potion, etc. Those who believe that college is an unimportant stage and they are able to study all the necessary information themselves do not understand that college gives people status they are unable to buy online. Moreover, a college brand may play an important role in the future of a student. â€Å"Self-discovery† (Ojalvo) is an important argument in favor of going to college. Being in high school many students are not sure what way to choose. Going to college, students will have an opportunity to try several courses they will be given a try to study something, to get an incredible experience and to understand what he/she wants in reality. Many people are sure that there is no need to graduate from a college if one understands that this is not what they really need, however, each one has to make a try. Self-discovery is a very complicated and lengthy process as to understand what people are for themselves they are to try something. College is one of the variants. â€Å"Attaining a marketable degree and developing earning potential† (Ojalvo) is one more reason in favor of attending a college. It is not a secret that college is the first step on the way to career development. Sometimes, a college brand means much for people as having attended a specific college, students usually create a particular opinion about them. Many employers select candidates for a position on the basis of a college students have graduated from. In this case a candidate with the better college degree is sure to get a more paid job. Of course, professional skills are checked, however, this is usually provided after the decisions to accept a person. College degree plays an important role in this case. There are also a lot of other reasons why students should go to college in contrast to the individual Internet education. Some of these reasons are universal like, college education makes the life of the people different (Payne 20) and it is impossible to reject this fact. Other reasons are purely individual as some people may think that going to college they will make their dream come true (Shi). Nevertheless, the reasons are in favor of going to college. All the enumerated reasons for going to college do not guarantee people careless future with a great position as there are a lot of people who have similar skills and who also want to get a good job, however, modern society still lives in accordance with the specific norms and rules where college education is valued. It is impossible to attend a college and get a good paid job without an attempt, however, college education is a good start. Students with a degree can faster get a good job, however, they may also appear at risk of unemployment and discharge. College education is like a chance and it depends from students whether they use it or not. Contradicting Opinion Dwelling against colleges, Daley speaks about the reasons why many entrepreneur s suffer from bankruptcy. One and the main reason is the absence of knowledge. Being at college, students failed to read all the necessary books as well as they failed to consume some important information. Daley is sure that colleges are no necessary as they give too much useless information and take students’ time form nothing important. NaBeela Washington also supports the idea of college useless as going to college students waste their time on subjects which are not necessary. Practical skills are more important than theory, therefore, working and getting practical skills in the profession students want to deal with and studying necessary information on the Internet, students have an opportunity to gain success. Colleges are the remnants of the past. Nowadays, college education is too expensive and in many cases is not better than the Internet one. Moreover, today it is difficult to cover the expenses spent on college education too fast, therefore, those who go to college do not get expected reward, they just have to work more not because they want to be successful in the future, but because they live under pressure of debt. Erika Andersen still tries to convince people that to achieve success they do not necessarily go to college which requires too much time but teaches useless information. Therefore, studying with the help of the Internet, people may get more useful information. So, college is more about status nowadays not about quality education. The Internet has offered many opportunities for people, and education is one of them. There are a lot of people who can easily organize themselves and their studying. The information learnt purposefully and individually may be more valued than the data considered with professions in college as there students study different subjects most of which are not going to be useful to them in the future. Conclusion To sum it up, it should be stated that there are two claims in relation to college education. Some people are sure that college is a starting point each person should come though, others believe that attending colleges they just waste their time. Having conducted a research, it is possible to say that both points of view deserve attention, however, college education must be. There is no need to study in college up to the end, however students are to start their education to understand whether their choice to study individually with the help of the Internet is a good idea. There are a lot of different reasons in favor of attending a college. Students get necessary knowledge there, filtered, structured and systemized. Going to college students do not only study books, they also consider the information which is really important for them such as the possibility to search for the necessary information as it is impossible to know everything. Important contacts and friendship may be got at college. Moreover, those who have good grades and who managed to express themselves have an oppo rtunity to get a good job right after graduation. Even though there are a lot of educated people who do not have a degree, when applying to job people with degrees have more chances to get a position than those who do not have degrees. It does not mean that people without college degree know less, but their status is lower than the status of college graduators. Works Cited Andersen, Erika. â€Å"Do You Really Need To Go To College?† Forbes,  2012. Web. â€Å"Current Population Survey.† Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2011. Web. Daley, Jason. â€Å"Is an MBA Still Necessary?† Entrepreneurs,  2012. Web. Ojalvo, Holly Epstein. â€Å"Why Go to College at All?† The New York Times, 2012. Web. Payne, Tara. â€Å"Despite the headlines, college is still necessary.† New Hampshire Business Review, 34.10 (2012): 18-25. Print. Shi, Kelvin. â€Å"Is College Still Necessary?† Kelvin’s PLA Blog, 2012. Web. Washington, NaBeela. â€Å"Is college still necessary for a successful career?† Kaleidoscope/Opinion, 2012. Web. This research paper on Why to Go to College was written and submitted by user Deon Perez to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Thinking Critical Simulation

Thinking Critical Simulation Final Thinking Critical Simulation ReviewFor our final project each group member had to give their our own perspective of this assignment. Everyone has their own perspective how they perceive different situations in life. Just like this scenario of what would or could happen if certain things were to happen, what would you do is the question and how would you react. It's like a deer jumping out in front of you while your driving, you have no warning it just happens and how you react is up to you. Everyone had their own input on this scenario and how they perceived it.Amy's ReviewWhen reviewing she noticed that it said basically that they take turns being in charge for awhile. For about 5 months they are each in charge and at the end she awards them with a career. So basically you are a temporary for while to see what you bring to the table.93/365 - My heart is torn, just in knowing, you'll...That seems to be what most business's do now a days. They like to hire through temp agencies to see what a person brings to the table. Because used to they would hire people and they wouldn't work out and then they would have to fire them. This way they get to see what type of worker you are and if they don't like you then they call your temp agencies and say that your assignment has ended.The bad thing with this group of people competing for this job is that different things in the economy can play a role on if your going to reach your sales and offer everything you can to this company. Like for instance last year when the economy was at its peak their were tons of people that lost their jobs at different companies and am sure lots...

Critically discuss the relationship between fast subject and the Essay

Critically discuss the relationship between fast subject and the principle of potentialily in the graduate labour market - Essay Example The labour market management has responded by defining the type of life that graduates should aspire to, dream of, be ready for and expect (Taylor 2012). By defining what job applicants should possess, management has embraced the subject of fast that mirrors the aspirations, inner promises and desires present in every unemployed graduate (Costea 2012). Human resource management have therefore developed ethos which outline expected potential and values that should be possessed by a graduate, in order to feel the advertised job opportunity (Szcześniak 2013). The ability to tailor an individual into the desired person has had far reaching consequences among job applicants. After critically reading job adverts, graduates tend to be displeased by the approach taken to describe the ideal candidate for a given job (Nura 2014). With terms such as intelligent, dynamic and creative being used in most of the job advertisements, readers of the adverts are mostly develop an inner feeling of permanent unhappiness. To university graduates, the reality of labour market turns out to be worse as compared to their expectations (Sciarra 2012). The optimism of being a special character waited by the graduate labour market turns out to be the opposite. The main reason leading to the fast subject being the need among human resource managers to recon cile conflicting demands in graduate labour market. Managers have been forced to learn appropriate ways of managing the uncertain world, as it is changing very fast. The ethos set by managers has been considered to comprise aspiration benchmarks that students need to weigh their potential and future character (Lakshmi 2013). For instance, ethos has been used by HRM to define the ideal customs, values and of a future employee (Costea 2012). The desired ethos has been incorporated in job advertisements. Thus, students and graduates have to

FDA policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

FDA policy - Essay Example FDA policies regarding raising chicken FDA defines precisely how chicken should be raised in terms of the treatment given and the methods used to keep them. Its policies outline how antibiotics should be used or should not be used in poultry production. This is to slow down the development of bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics. The agency has trumpeted the policies as the beginning of termination of the misuse of drugs on chicken (Allport-Settle 30). However, the FDA missed the point. While the policies call for the end of using antibiotics to make chicken grow faster, they approve continuous use of such drugs to compensate for unsanitary and overcrowded conditions and prevent diseases at firm operations that produce poultry food. The prophylactic or preventive use of antibiotics resembles their use for growth promotion including similar low doses that are equally responsible in the antibiotic resistance. The FDA encourages the use of preventive drugs necessary to assure chic ken health. Left unaddressed is whatever that makes this use ‘necessary’. The use of antibiotics to make chicken grow faster seems to be in its last stages, though much will depend on how rapidly drug companies comply with the policies and whether the food poultry industry complies at all. According to the public health advocates, the fight now shifts to the use of such drugs to prevent diseases. This is a much steeper hill to scale; their misuse lies at the center of industrial food poultry production, yet the FDA has renounced its responsibility to stop it. In 2005, FDA banned the use of fluoroquinolone in poultry production in the US to reduce the occurrence of fluoroquinolone-resistant Campylobacter. However, little is known regarding the potential effectiveness of this policy (Luangtongkum 72). A research was conducted with an objective of following temporal changes in the occurrences of Campylobacter among chicken from two conservative producers who declared their termination of fluoroquinolone use in 2002, only three years before the FDA’s ban. Another objective was the occurrence of this antibiotic disease in conventional chicken products to those from producers who do not use antibiotics. Chicken samples were collected from three antibiotic-free keepers and two conventional chicken keepers over the course of five months in 2004 and 15 weeks in 2006. Fluoroquinolone resistance rates were compared among Campylobacter isolates from the diverse producers. From the results, it was established that there was no major change in the percentage of fluoroquinolone-resistant Campylobacter segregates from the two conventional keepers over the period of study. Further, Campylobacter strains from both producers were significantly more probable to resist fluoroquinolone compared to those from the antibiotic-free ones. Therefore, fluoroquinolone-resistant Campylobacter might be persistent contaminants of chicken products even after ceasing to use on-farm fluoroquinolone. The FDA’s ban on the use of this antibiotic in chicken rising may therefore be insufficient in reducing resistant Campylobacter in chicken products. FDA policies regarding genetically engineering corn For about two decades, FDA has been analyzing genetic modification methods for drug-biological growth as well as the development of new foodstuffs. The agency has carefully created policies to accommodate the evolving and changing world of biotechnology.

Business Planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Business Planning - Essay Example For any new business venture, marketing, operation, and financial plans are all related and fundamental (Burns, 2014). An operation plan gives a vast organization structure of the business, including information on workers, location, and the outline of goals and the missions. The business operation plan equips investors with essential details to identify which business is viable, financially stable and can repay its worth. The plan help in establishing and to control perfect operations of the business. The marketing plans concentrates on the activities marking the company to achieve its predefined goals and missions by selling its products. The plan outlines the targeted base of customers. It outlines strategies to capture new markets and competition from rivals dealing on the same line. Aligning the three plans is imperative to attain success for the business. The alignment facilitates the business growth and prosperity. A new business should focus on strictly implementing the three plans. Every stakeholder in the business must have clear understanding of the company’s core values as outlined in the three plans. The market and customer information help in building company customer relationship by gathering vital market

How motivation theories help elicit effort from employees

How motivation theories help elicit effort from employees For a company to successfully run, company should come up with creative ideas and high efficiency of the work, and to do that, a firm should be able to motivate each worker of the firm to elicit each of their discretionary effort. It is because, it directly links with the total wage spending of the company which should be linked to outcome and cost of monitoring effort and considering all of those making employees willing to work will result in greater efficiency of the company. Employees are the core or the main body of all the production of product and service. So how can a company which does not even satisfy their own workers will possibly satisfy the customers with high quality product and service?() Therefore, there is an idea weighing on the management style of of the workers, by the workers, for the workers'(). Following to above management style, manager of big companies are developing or considering variety motivating techniques and motivation theories. So firms not only needs deal fast with each of their own fast-changing environment but also concentrate to create best working condition for the workers to maximize motivation. Like firms mentioned above with motivation, they are nimble to listen to the claims of the employees. They apply techniques like project team-work, performance-linked pay and incentives to reach perfect inner-service to the workers. So, like above, there is gaining importance of giving motivation to workers. In this essay, I will search and study theories of motivation and look in to detail of successful firm Nokia and analyze this firm by doing it so, I would like to find out the meaning of motivation and how well those managers of Nokia have elicited discretionary effort from workers for the company. Theory Maslows Hierarchy of Needs theory Most famous is Abraham Maslows hierarchy of needs theory. He believed that there is 5 level of hierarchy of needs exist within human nature. (A.H. Maslow, A Theory of Human Motivation, Psychological Review 50(4) (1943):370-96) Physiological Needs It is simply most basic needs for human to survive. Things like needs of oxygen for breathe, fulfillment of hunger, thirst, sex and sleep. They are the biological needs which are most essential, it comes front of all the desires that human would want. Safety Needs When physiological needs are fulfilled, the needs of security are followed. Human should fill sense of safety of their own health, employment, property and resources. Those factors make them feeling safe. Needs of Love/Belonging Human is social animal, when the front two needs are filled, third need can become dominant. Human nature always seeks for the sense of belonging and love/friendship. Maslow describes people seek to overcome feelings of loneliness and alienation (Maslow, Abraham (1954). Motivation and Personality. New York: Harper). Needs for Esteem When the first three needs reach to satisfactory level, the needs for esteem can become next. It is like self-esteem and respect from others. When these self-esteem and respect is gratified, the person feels confident and valuable as a part of person in a society. Deficiency of those needs would make a person feels weak, inferior and nothing. Needs for Self-Actualization When each level of foregoing needs is fully satisfied, then the last level of needs self-actualization is activated. According to Maslow, self-actualization is what a persons need to be what they are born to do. There is a famous quote by Maslow, Abraham H. A musician must make music, an artist must paint, a poet must write, if they are to be ultimately at peace with themselves. These needs make people to feel progressing, reach-potential and self-fulfillment. (Psychology The Search for Understanding by Janet A. Simons, Donald B. Irwin and Beverly A. Drinnien West Publishing Company, New York, 1987) By observing hierarchy of needs, each level tends to be satisfied to progress on next level of hierarchy. However, from the point of giving motivation view, none of those desires or needs could not been perfectly satisfied. Maslow theory describes that somehow-satisfied need could not stimulate the people any longer. >> How hierarchy of needs Theory could be used in management According to Maslow, if someone wants to motivate somebody, there is a need of understanding what that specific person wants and find out where his or her need is located in hierarchy of needs and provide the upper level of hierarchy. Adamss Equity Theory Adams, J.S. 1965. Inequity in social exchange. Adv. Exp. Soc. Psychol. An individual always do compare himself to others. Lets say, an individual got offer of 2500 pound per month and he thinks it is very good deal and took the job, he will do his job with passion and he will be satisfied with his work. However, if someone else or his acquaintance gets the same job with 3000 pounds with same as his ability/work time/contribution, probably he will not be happy about his earning and job. Even if he was satisfied with his earnings in the beginning, as soon as he feels that its not fair or equal treatment, the matter that he gets good paid it will not consider him much, but rather obsessed with others payment. The problem is that individual starts to think comparatively and starts to believe it is not fair. An individual always compare within his mind and think about the effort he put in and the reward. By doing so, if an individual thinks that he is not fairly treated, the input effort will be directly affected (demotivated). Above examples idea is called Equity Theory and it was developed by Stacey Adams in 1965. It is simply, an individual comparing his input-reward and others input-reward proportion. For an employee to compare himself in equity theory, the referent is important variable. There are three types of referent system, self and other. For system, the referent is the system of individuals belonged organization. Individual will take wage structures, wage policy and decision-making process into the consideration. Also, organization will need to make important decision with organizations system to an individual as a comparison to others. Putting self as a comparison referent, result ration of input will be referenced to individual. This is reflected by ones experience or standard wage or family maintenance-need allowance. Equity theory is not only interested in absolute reward, it also has interest in others reward. An individual do compare others input-reward, founding on effort, experience, education, and ability over their wage level, promotion and recognition. If an individual feels unfair and inequitable over reward ration of input, this feeling will make him/her to experience tension. This tension will continually provide motivation until he/she is treated in equity to him. >> How Equity Theory could be used in management Monthly paid employees will enhance quality and quantity to feel the fairness with tension and increase input factor for fair wage proportion. When compensation is made with Production quantity, over-rewarded worker will have lower quality but higher quantity just to increase their income. However, an individual who receive payment founding on price ratio will increase in effort to accomplish fairness and this will lead to increase in quantity and quality. But, this might result in excess payment and unfairness. Therefore, managers should direct employees to enhancing in quality rather than quantity. Also motivation is influenced by not only absolute reward but also relative reward. Each time when employee feels that s/he is unfairly treated, it will follow an action to fix about that inequity, like improved or diminished productivity or quality, absence and turnover. Therefore, it is most important factor to make employees to feel in equity in equity theory. >> Vrooms expectancy theory Most comprehensive explanation about motivation is performed within Victer Vrooms Expectancy Theory. Expectancy theory is well described by Montana (Montana Patrick J; Charnov, Bruce H, Management 4th edition; (2008) Barrons Educational Series, Inc.), This theory emphasizes the needs for organizations to relate rewards directly to performance and to ensure that the rewards provided are those rewards deserved and wanted by the recipients. The expectancy theory suggest that action is followed the expectation from the result and the amount of effort is decided by how attractive the result is to an individual himself. Below, there are three linkages with this theory. Effort-performance linkage: Possibility of reward expected by putting certain amount of effort. Performance-reward linkage: Beliefs which expect right reward will be given by doing certain level of performance. Attractiveness: a persons target and desire of potential result or reward which could be obtained by doing his job successfully. All explanations seem similar, but simply there are three points. First, how much an individual should work for certain level of outcome and whether that outcome is possibly achieved. Second, what will be the reward for doing such work? Third, how attractive the reward is from the effort of doing such work and how does this job help with goal achievement? à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ « Applying Expectancy Theory How Expectancy Theory could be applied? For to link with motivation, I will example myself and try to find out how this theory used. Most of students have preference on professors or lecturer expecting for something that they would like to learn from the course unit. They would like to know when the exam will be, what kind of assignment they need to do and how much percentage will be taken to get maximum grade or how much amount of time will going to be needed, and think logically about whether this course is linked with what they need. Lets say that I feel in the way above. I liked this course unit and worked really hard to get good mark on this essay. I have prepared for long time for this and believed that this will be helpful when I graduate and get good job or get into master course. Then, result came out, my average score of all the course units were 72 percent, however, this specific course was 41 percent. And I got angry and frustrated. Like other assignments, I prepared exact amount of time and put effort, but how could only this specific unit gets such a low score? From here there will be some interesting facts will be coming out. Suddenly, he (I, from others perspective from now on) will be constantly missing this unit course lecture and do not revise. Even if he attends the lecture concentration for this course is hugely dropped. So, we could say that his motivation is lacking with the related subject. Why did he change? To explain this using motivation theory term; At the beginning, the merit of good grade (Effort-performance linkage) was high. However, the result was not good (Performance-reward linkage). In other words, if the assignment was fairly graded based on what he did and got good score, the Performance-reward linkage is satisfied and it would have motivated him more. However, if he is demotivated, it is from his belief that his knowledge was not incongruous with fair grading system. >> How Expectancy Theory could be used in management First, Expectancy Theory emphasizes on pay and reward. As a result, organization should believe that employees also want the same reward and compensate. This kind of perspective is from egoism that an employee pursuit expected-satisfaction to be maximized. So that manager needs to try to fulfill that expected-satisfaction wisely. Second, theory points up understanding of attractiveness by the workers. Employees will want to be treated reasonably with positive result/target/outcome they expected. Therefore, the firm should try to satisfy employees attractiveness. Third, theory highlights on expected performance. Does an individual understands what is expected on s/he and how could it be compensated. If workers do not grasp the point of this relation, the ultimate goal of organization will be never met. So, this is essential to make both manager and workers to understand clear of performance-reward relation. Last, theory relates with perception. No matter what actually happens, a persons perception decides level of effort according from not objective result but from performance, reward and goal achievement. Therefore, there is a need for continuous feedback to match the reality and perception of workers. Case Study  ¿Ã‚ ­ What is Nokia? Nokia is a Finnish multinational network corporation is headquartered in Keilaniemi, Espoo (Nokia in brief (2007) (PDF). Nokia Corporation. March 2008.) Nokias main industry is in the manufacturing of mobile devices and in converging Internet and communications industries, with 128,445 employees in 120 countries, sales in more than 150 countries and global annual revenue of EUR 50.7 billion and operating profit of 5.0 billion in 2008. It is the worlds largest manufacturer of mobile phones: its global device market share is approximately 38% in 2009, (Q3 2009: Quarterly and annual information. Nokia Corporation. 2009-10-15) The Nokia brand, valued at $34.9 billion, is listed as the fifth most valuable global brand in the BusinessWeek, Best Global Brands list of 2009 (first in non-US Company). It is the number one brand in Asia (as of 2007) and Europe. Also Nokia is the 42nd most admirable company worldwide in Fortunes Worlds Most Admired Companies list of 2009, and the worlds 85th largest company as measured by revenue in Fortune Global 500 list of 2009. (Fortune Global 500 2009. Fortune. 2009-07-14.) Nokias Case study for motivation Incentive Program  ¿Ã‚ ­ Monetary Incentives: work performance wage structure, Global bonus plan (when profit exceeded 20%, 5% cash payback), production and researchers incentives.  ¿Ã‚ ­ Non-monetary performance bonus system and Complete and Fair Assessment Nokia motivates employees by providing rewards according to their performance. However, its hard to see that they only motivated people with monetary returns, Non-monetary performance bonus system also help to motivate workers. Things like promotions and possibility to self-development will help and also a clear and fair system for this is needed. Nokia is not in seniority system, there was a case 34 years old man became vice president by his ability. Nokia tried to achieve highest level of work satisfaction. 2. Empowerment organization  ¿Ã‚ ­ Allowing autonomy, leads to motivation Bureaucratic chain of command provides high efficiency, but this has disadvantage of blocking creative ideas coming up from bottom line of workers. And this is one of the factors blocking motivation. Exampling Nokia, they allow significant amount of autonomous decision to workers. This provides sense of belonging to a company and people feel that they are taking part for companys profit. This leads to motivation of workers due to Maslows hierarchy of needs theory (sense of belonging). Case: Nokia immediately supported 6,000,000 dollars for the marketing for Pacific-Asia market as they received idea of competition going harsh in China. 3. Project manager system Technology, marketing, production and salesman unites as one team and work for 1-2 years for specific project and managers for the project are empowered like chairman in that specific project; this stimulates workers as it has venture business attributes. Nokia has number of small projects teams. Those groups decide everything like estimated budgets too. This gives power to agilely response to market changes. 4. Human resource development program Providing self-developing opportunities to employees / Maximizing self-development and self-actualization at work Human resource is crucial factor for economical production in industry f like Nokia with high knowledge and technology. Competitive power is human resources. Modern employees tend to think a company as not only place for earning-money but also as place for self-actualization. Therefore, a company with no self-development lacks power to attract more human resources (Attractiveness, Vrooms expectancy theory). So, firms should provide more opportunities and sense of duty of the company like Nokias human resource development program.(In Nokia, they value employees through 180 inspections list, helps to find out each workers adaptation-skill and decision-making skills in five levels. By doing so, it tells what that employee needs in specific details and gives job according to it and provide staff training service) and they also provided for experience improvement program by going around world branches. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ » Based on Nokias motivation system, 19% of market share in mobile technology in 1999, increased up to 35% in 2001. Also, total sales were increased 48% leaving total profit 56% higher. Matthew J. (1996), à £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…’Future management (à «Ã‚ ¯Ã‚ ¸Ãƒ «Ã… ¾Ã‹Å"à ªÃ‚ ²Ã‚ ½Ãƒ ¬Ã‹Å" ) 11à £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , Dae-kyung publishing company. Nokia homepage http://www.nokia.com à £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…’Analyzing Nokias successà £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  From www.hunet.co.kr Conclusion Managers tend to think that talented-employees turnover is cause by higher financial reward from other company. However, many of employees turnover reasons are like vision-realization, challenging to new work, harmony of both life and work, higher opportunity of recognition and flexibility of culture and organization. These kinds of reasons suggest that motivation is not only from financial issues but also from Non-monetary issues like mentioned above. I believe what employees consider most is winning recognition from their bosses about work-performance. If this is not done, its evitable to demotivate workers. In this contrast, Nokia has well understood workers, with fair assessment; they have suggested sense of duty to their workers for the company and made them feel as important part of Nokia. As conclusion Nokia got grater profit and it can be said that Nokia has successfully motivated their employees. Those kinds of techniques of motivation are all founded from the theories of Ma slow, Adams and Vroom and Nokia successfully adopted in reality.

Language Separation in Immigrant Families Essay -- Immigrants Immigrat

Language Separation in Immigrant Families In America, each family usually has a standard language spoken in the household. Communication is easy and mothers can talk with their children and they can connect with them. Some people who have this benefit are unaware that some families do not have this advantage in their homes. Lee Thomas and Linh Cao understand that some families have language change through each generation. Cao herself lived in house where her relatives used several different languages and learned first hand that there are many losses when a family doesn’t share a common language. Thomas and Cao wrote this article specifically for parents and families that have language separation through generations. Both authors have background knowledge about language from their experiences. Thomas was a teacher of linguistics at the University of Nevada. Cao taught English at Sparks High School in Nevada. Cao also grew up in a family where the language predominately spoken by each person changed by age group. She was born in Vietnam and her first language was ...

Discovering the Relationship Between the Law and Your School Essay

For this Benchmark I had to research the law and how it is applied to special education issues that were covered in this class.. I looked at my state departments of educations website to view the laws of my state of Oklahoma and Texas and Arkansas to see how they cover special education issues. I had also had to interview a lawyer who is well-versed in school law. I interviewed Ms. Andrea Kunkel, she was a wealth of information. She is well-versed in Special Education law, she was an attorney at Rosenstein, Fist and Ringold, where she represented Oklahoma Public Schools. She handled many Due Process Cases, she advised school staff on their legal responsibilities under the Section 504, Title II of the ADA and IDEA. She also was the legal advisor of the Oklahoma Directors of Special Services and is now the staff attorney of CCOSA (Cooperative Council of Oklahoma School, where she is currently training school administrators on special education law and issues and is the liaison to ODSS group. The first topic we discussed was how has the legal system evolved, as it applies to special education, over the past 20 years, and how has that affected the legal framework for special education today? Ms. Kunkel said that in the 2004 Reauthorization of the IDEA, Congress  added a requirement that, when a parent files a due process hearing complaint, the district and parent must promptly participate in a resolution session, unless they agree in writing to waive the resolution session. The purpose of the resolution session is to provide a forum at which the parent  explains the complaint and what s/he is seeking through the process so that the district has an opportunity to resolve the complaint. Parties who resolve some or all of the complaint issues through a resolution session must spell out the terms of their agreement in writing, and that writing is enforceable in court. Ms. Kunkel injected that the resolution session alone is of questionable value in resolving cases. Those same cases would likely be resolved in an IEP team meeting held after the complaint was filed. However, in Oklahoma, the entity that runs our dispute resolution and hearing processes – the Special Education Resolution Center at OSU – makes available without charge, with the parties’ agreement, trained resolution session facilitators, who assist the parties in attempting to resolve the complaint issues. Resolution sessions that include facilitators are effective in resolving due process hearing complaints in Oklahoma. She pointed out that although the IDEA does not require parents and districts to participate in mediation, it encourages alternative dispute resolution processes. SERC offers mediation services without charge to resolve disputes between parents and districts that agree to participate. Mediation is available whether or not the dispute has resulted in a due process hearing complaint. Ms. Kunkel said that most recently, SERC has started to offer facilitation services at IEP meetings. Again, this service is free to parents and schools that agree to participate. SERC cannot make facilitation broadly available, due to limited resources, but it is likely to be available in situations in which parents and schools cannot make it through IEP meetings due to mental health issues or other major obstacles. She went on to point out that the availability of alternative dispute resolution options has improved the legal framework for special education in Oklahoma. Although Oklahoma has never been a state with large numbers of  due process hearing complaints, the timing of SERC’s taking on the state’s due process hearing and alternative dispute resolution systems coincides with the filing of fewer due process hearing complaints. At a time when OSEP is emphasizing avoiding disputes and resolving disputes at the lowest possible level, Oklahoma is already a leader in those areas. Greater access to alternative dispute resolution processes seems to indicate that even fewer cases will result in administrative hearings, appeals and requests for judicial review. That indicates greater collaboration between parents and schools and improved services for students. How does the legal framework differ for special needs students and regular students in private and public schools was the next question that I asked her. She said that the IDEA applies to local education agencies (LEAs) like public schools, but not to private schools. Students with disabilities may be placed by their parents unilaterally in private schools or IEP teams in LEAs/public schools may place students with disabilities in private schools to receive FAPE. For unilaterally placed students, the private school may or may not provide the child with special education or related services and may or may not write an IEP or similar document. That is up to the private school. The parent has no access to due process procedures against a private school to challenge educational services provided or not provided to a private school student. She went on to say that for private schools that accept placements of students on IEPs to receive FAPE, then the placing LEA/public school has the legal obligation to provide the student with FAPE, to ensure that procedural safeguards are followed and that an appropriate IEP is developed and implemented. The private school does not become subject to the IDEA by accepting the student. The parent’s due process rights are against the LEA/public school, not the private school. Public schools have child find responsibilities as to students attending private schools, even unilaterally  placed students. At most, the private school has a moral obligation, not a legal one, to refer parents to LEAs/public schools for IDEA evaluations when private school personnel suspect a disability. Parents who believe that the LEA/public school has failed in its child find obligation or obligation to evaluate or reevaluate a student have access to IDEA due process procedures. I posed the question, â€Å"Who monitors the implementation and evaluation of IEPs in private and public schools?† Ms. Kunkel stated that private schools that voluntarily develop IEPs for their students with disabilities who are unilaterally placed by their parents monitor their own IEPs. There is no state or federal oversight. IEP development and implementation by LEAs/public schools is monitored by the Oklahoma State Department of Education, which  reports the results to the U.S. Department of Education/OSEP. LEAs/public schools face various consequences for IDEA violations. The last question that I asked her was â€Å"In the legal expert’s opinion, are there any elements of special education law that need refinement?† Ms. Kunkle said that, â€Å" As to the legal system, I would prefer mandatory mediation when a due process hearing complaint is filed.† I researched how mediation works in my schools district website. The website stated that a trained mediator works with both of the parties involved. The Special Education Resolution Center (SERC) is the one who appoints a mediator when needed, these mediators are neutral. The mediator is neutral facilitator to help the family, students and the school staff to reach an agreement. The mediator is in control of the session they parties involved makes all of the decisions regarding the case. The mediator permits both parties to voice their points and tries to help both parties to come to a mutual understanding and find the best solution to the problem that best suits the problem and best services that student. Parents and the school system also have a role in the mediation, their role is to be active during the session and help to develop an agreement along with the mediator. Both  parties can bring an attorney, but they are responsible for all fees. Mediation is free and not mandatory for any party to participate in. Mediation can be asked for at any time and if an agreement is made both parties get a copy of the agreement. If the agreement is not followed the case can go to court. (http://ok.gov/sde/faqs/special-education-mediation ) My state has policies that ensure that the funds that the state gets from IDEA (section 608 (a) ) There is a policy by the Oklahoma State Department of Education (OSDE) establishes that secondary transition services be started at the start of the students ninth grade year or when they turn 16. There is a policy that makes sure that classroom sides are not big. Initial eligibility determination must be completed within 45 school days of receipt. In Oklahoma Due Process is managed by The Special Education Resolution Center (SERC) SERC has expanded with programs to help assist families and school districts to resolve disputes at the earliest possible time. This service is done for free to families and the district. The mediators are well trained. Mediation in Oklahoma is totally voluntary. If a parents wants to have mediation, they have to fill out a form, sign and return it to the SERC and the SERC will inform the other party involved in the dispute. After both parties agree to attend the mediation, a mediator will be assigned, there is a mediation manual on the states website. . In Oklahoma a Due Process hearing proceeds mediation when the disputes cannot be worked out during mediation. There are special rules for the conduction of the hearing. There is a hearing officer that proceeds over the hearing. Both parties have thirty days to try to settle once again on a resolution. A hearing will go ahead at this point. These options for parents and districts are funded by the Oklahoma State Department of Education. As a paraprofessional I have luckily never had to go through a Due Process Hearing, but I have worked with a few parents that I was  wondering if we were going to have to. I have worked with some wonderful families who truly worked with the school in making sure their child go the best education possible. In conclusion, through this course I have learned a lot about Special Education and law. The law is made to help people but I find that sometimes that is not case, through this class I have learned more about law and how it might help my special needs students. It is important as a teacher to be up on law. I might be the only one who can help my students and families. I want to be source of help and safety for my students and their families. As a special education teacher I will try to stay up on laws and stay educated myself. Resource Page http://ok.gov/sde/faqs/special-education-mediation (N.D) retrieved on August 5, 2014 http://ok.gov/sde/sites/ok.gov.sde/files/OSDE%20SES%20Policies.pdf (N.D.) retrieved on August 5, 2014 Personal Interview with Ms. Andrea Kunkel on August 3, 2014

Classic Cartoons essays

Classic Cartoons essays As a mother of a nine-year old daughter, I look back on how childrens television has changed since I was small. Growing up in the 1970s was vastly different from the high-tech world of the millenium. Due to being in a pre-cable era, television offered three basic network channels, limiting the number of cartoons on air. Saturday was the only day that children could watch hours of classic cartoons all morning. I consider a cartoon a classic by the ability of the program to stand the test of time, and leave memorable impressions on various generations of children. Cartoons featuring characters such as Bugs Bunny, Charlie Brown, Scooby Doo, and Mickey Mouse are just a few examples of shows that I deem classic. Bugs Bunny is definitely a memorable character. His signature phrase Whats up Doc? is instantly recognizable. My favorite show depicts Bugs as an orchestra conductor. In this episode he directs the symphony starring Porky Pig. Bugs forces Porky to hold the final note beyond normal capability, causing the pig to turn royal blue. The Bugs Bunny Show always made me laugh. One of my favorite cartoons is Peanuts. Originally a comic strip, the cartoon follows the life of a schoolboy named Charlie Brown, his friends, and his adventurous dog Snoopy. One of the most popular pastimes for the Peanuts gang was a game of football. During every game, it was inevitable that Charlie Brown kick the deciding field goal. Holding the ball for Charlie was the mischievous Lucy Van Pelt, who was notorious for pulling the ball out from under the doomed kicker. Children tuned in repeatedly, and hoped that poor Charlie Brown would finally score a field goal. Time after time, however, Lucy would move the ball just before the kick, leaving poor Charlie flat on his back. The show, as well as the comic strip, is still very popular today. ...

How To Change Your Writing Style

How To Change Your Writing Style How To Change Your Writing Style How To Change Your Writing Style By Sharon When you work as a freelance writer, you often need to alter your writing style to meet your clients needs. One day you might be writing for a finance publication; the next day you might supply content for a dating site. This is a normal part of the life of a working writer. Sometimes you may need to write for different nationalities. While formal English around the world may be pretty similar, informal writing will vary depending on whether youre writing for an American, Canadian, British or Australian audience. Whatever the case, you need to nail the style and the vocabulary to get the job done right. Elements Of Style So how do you change your writing style when you need to? And how do you know what makes each style different from the others? One of the first steps is to identify your own writing style. I know that I usually write in a British style. That means long sentences and clauses. Writing web content for American readers means short sentences. Its like good good web content writing, except that you use one main idea per sentence. If youre an American writing for a British publication, then you can use long, complicated sentences. If youre British and are writing for an American publication, keep it short and direct. Make good use of style guides to find out about typical word usage. Watch Your Language The language is different, too. Let me give you an example. I recently wrote some articles on real estate for a UK firm. That meant that instead of real estate I said property. Instead of realtor, I said estate agent. Instead of adjustable rate mortgages, I said variable rate mortgages. A good tip for finding out the right vocabulary is to visit a reputable site based in the country. For finance, I use the Motley Fool, which has both a US and a UK version. Slang And Spelling Apart from serious articles, its useful to understand the current slang. Try visiting a chat room to see how people from different places express themselves. You can also read newspapers and magazines from those countries. A final tip is to watch your spelling. Get a good dictionary or online dictionary to check the spelling thats appropriate for a particular audience. Its easy to write successfully for different audiences. In fact, writing in a different style is a bit like acting. While you write the piece you pretend to be someone else. Once you have written the article, you go back to being you. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Freelance Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Addressing A Letter to Two PeopleAmong vs. AmongstConversational Email